![]() In most countries, marking or painting property without permission is considered by property owners and civic authorities as defacement and vandalism, which is a punishable crime, citing the use of graffiti by street gangs to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire (see also mural). Graffiti (plural singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is art that is written, painted or drawn on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. ( March 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īn abandoned roof felt factory with graffiti in Santalahti, Tampere, Finland ![]() Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This work encourages more research on tagging other Arabic prepositions to explore the compatibility of tagging symbols employed in the Stanford System and prepositions used in the Arabic language, in general.This article possibly contains original research. In this work, we used the Holy Quran to identifythe performance of the Stanford System in tagging prepositions in the Quran. This shows that this tagging system is inaccurate and the need for keeping up with tagging-related systems is vital, hence is the significance of our research. Other prepositions are also difficult to distinguish unless they are contextualized these include“until” ((حتىand “except” ((عدا. Through our inductive studyof prepositions in terms of linguistic functions such as Jazm and Istifham (interrogation), we did not note differences in tagging prepositions like “to” ((إلىand “in” ((في. Another concern of the Stanford tagger is that it gives a unique tag for different particles such as Jarr and Jazmin terms of linguistic functions. This study also discusses the weaknesses of the Stanford tagger, as it does not handle the merging case when a preposition joins with an adjacent word to form one single word. Hence, thisstudy examines the Stanford tagger to explore its tag set in the text under examination and its performance for tagging Arabic prepositions. Hence, the performance quality of many NLP applications depends on the accuracy of outputs of the used tagging system. Many other language processing applications utilize PoS such as machine translation, speech synthesis, speech recognition, diacritization, etc. ![]() It is also beneficial to understand the required meaning via textual analysis for further processing in search engines. For instance, itis used in syntactic parsing to validate the grammar of the sentence in question. In fact, PoS is a beneficial tool for many natural language processing (NLP) toolkits. name, verb, particle, etc.) based on the context. In general, PoS is the process of assigning a tag for each word (e.g. Arabic has a number of predefined sets of particles such as particles of Nasb, particles of Jazm, particles of Jarr(also called prepositions), etc.Each set has a particular role in the context in which it appears. ![]() This paper discusses part of speech (PoS) tagging for Arabic prepositions.
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